The Likeliness of Being Different

In light of each class, each story, and each exposition I've endured learning or expounding on Human Development, I don't figure I can fit the term into the basic definition that it is the unfurling of the human potential in every individual's one of a kind domain. It just feels like a great deal more. Among the numerous things that have been engraved in my psyche about the subject, the possibility that everything is because of our qualities and condition entrances me the most. Improvement begins at origination, and due to that everything that occurs in during our lifetime is a commitment to our advancement as people. Frances Klagsbrun's article â€Å"Long-Term Marriages† attempts to clarifies the mysteries being enduring relationships. The article takes after our first task where we needed to go out and talk with couples about their marriage formula. Klagsbrun plainly composes from a North American perspective. She partitions the â€Å"secrets† into eight classes: a capacity to change and endure change, a capacity to live with the unchangeable, a presumption of lastingness, trust, a parity of conditions, a satisfaction in one another, a mutual history that is appreciated, and karma. In the event that we contrast said article with Nicholas D. Kristof's â€Å"Who Needs Love! In Japan, Many Couple Don't,† we can perceive how these insider facts are applicable to only one certain culture, or specific sorts of individuals. Japanese relationships, as one of the interviewee said aren’t made out of adoration: â€Å"Love relationships are more delicate than masterminded relati onships. † The article shows how spouses aren't revealed to ‘I love you' or commended for a decent supper, or demonstrated any friendship, and they are unsettled. Rather, Japanese relationships, are durable, not in light of the classifications Klagsbrun delineated for us, but since separate is looked downward on, and Japanese individuals would prefer not to be tattled about. These two articles show how marriage has a typical widespread objective. Relationships need to last â€Å"forever. † But, the formula on the most proficient method to make that delightful long last marriage fluctuates from culture to culture. f In â€Å"Relationships,† a section of Human Aging, the creators examined how companionships work across partners. Individuals with companions, paying little mind to their age, have increasingly social help and, therefore appear to appreciate better wellbeing and lower death rates. The article focuses on how various sexes manage companionships. Ladies will in general build up a progressively wistful connection to companions, while men rely upon companions to be dynamic with. One fascinating thing about individuals is that the quantity of companions they have remains generally stable all through their lifetime. In the event that they had a great deal of dear companions in their young grown-up days, at that point they will in general have a lot of dear companions, as they become more seasoned; on the off chance that they had a couple of dear companions in their young grown-up days, at that point they will more than likely have a couple of dear companions as more seasoned grown-ups. Something that vary between more seasoned individuals and more youthful individuals is the quantity of individuals in their lives. More seasoned individuals decrease the quantity of individuals in their lives who don't give enthusiastic closeness and spotlight more on the individuals who do. More youthful individuals don't concentrate on individuals who offer that sort of remuneration, and that is a distinction among associates. In any case, a few things remain the equivalent even across associates: Both more youthful and more established companions keep up a compelling passionate connection. More youthful and more established companions trust and comprehend each other. These parts of fellowship consistently appear to be available and are found in cross-sectional and longitudinal correlations. I can't help thinking, that as we create, we understand that a portion of the â€Å"friends† we have aren't important. They don't offer us anything, and when I state, â€Å"offer† I don't mean blessings and excursions, I mean those other wistful things like certainty, love, beneficial experience, and so forth. As we age, we understand that it's important to cut those individuals who aren't profiting our lives, and keep the individuals who do, in. The individuals who we decided to keep in our lives assist us with accomplishing our human potential, ideally. As a general public, we appear to be effortlessly dazzled with high I. Q. In his article â€Å"What's Your Emotional I. Q.? † Daniel Goleman recounts to the tale of a transport driver who was exceptionally chipper and great at his specific employment. He connected with riders by welcome them with a cheerful grin. At that point he exchanged over to an account of a straight A Florida High School understudy who truly needed to go to Harvard Medical School. When he got a 80 on a test, and his response was to cut his instructor. The article proposes that I. Q. doesn't decide the entirety of the achievement holding up in somebody's future, pretty much 20 percent. As a North American culture, what assist us with accomplishing our human potential are different things such as mindfulness, mind-set administration, self-inspiration, motivation control, and relationship building abilities. Like we learned in class †these sorts of test disclose to us how somebody performs on a test. A longitudinal report was made with kids from the 1960s to test their self-inspiration. The examination tried preschool kids with a marshmallow. They were told directly before being given the marshmallow that, on the off chance that they trusted that the experimenter will return, they'd get 2 marshmallows. A few children made due with the snappy one-marshmallow while some trusted that the experimenter will return, to get two. A portion of the children shut their eyes to shield themselves from being enticed into eating the marshmallow. At the point when these kids became teenagers, similar attributes were found in them. The ones who had trusted that the experimenter will return were all the more socially skilled and self-emphatic and better ready to adapt to life's disappointments, while the other people who hadn't held up were bound to be difficult and pushed. At long last, this article clarifies that I. Q. isn't what's significant, yet rather the passionate insight that encourages us accomplish our greatest human potential. Lou Ann Walker's â€Å"We Can Control How We Age,† presents three undertakings that were begun during the 1920s and followed all through a lifetime. There were various sorts of individuals required, of various ages and from better places in North America. There were an aggregate of 824 people. The investigation separated the people who were currently between the ages of 60 and 80 into two classes, the â€Å"Happy-Well† and the â€Å"Sad-Sick. † This was one of the most fascinating articles I read. The examination met and considered these individuals from various societies and age gatherings, and areas, and sex to perceive how they had carried on with their life and how they controlled how they matured. The examination came up with a rundown of fruitful techniques that worked across societies and different contrasts. A model was the manner by which individuals who quit smoking before 50, lived longer, and the individuals who were in glad relationships, and solid and hopeful. Those components added to a long life, brimming with wellbeing. Regardless of the distinctions in culture or companion, it was the comparable life decisions that drove the individuals in the examination to age well. In conclusion, I took a gander at â€Å"How various religions pay their last respects† by William J. Whalen. This article demonstrates that we are so unique despite the fact that we as a whole experience comparable occasions. Our societies impact our lives and who we become as individuals, and how we leave from the world, also. The article took a gander at ifferent religions like Judaism, Christianity, Parsi, Mormons, Muslims and even Atheists to see various ways they bid farewell to the dead. Numerous religions deny treating or incineration, or less difficult things like music at burial services. I chose t o end with this article since it's the end. I generally consider what my memorial service will resemble. I'm an Evangelical Christian since birth, however I'm not a functioning individual from the congregation right now. Memorial services follow the religion of the individual who passed on and say a great deal regarding who that individual was. Covering the dead is a typical occasion, however it's done from numerous points of view contingent upon our way of life. It's fascinating how we as a whole, as people, will in general experience very similar things. There are occasions that are engaged with all societies like marriage, births, passings, and transitional experiences. There are sure connections that create like companions and relationships. There's work included. There's maturing. What's more, feelings are all among these occasions and connections. Be that as it may, how we get to these occasions and how we build up these kinships change so broadly. There's no correct way or incorrect method of living, I think, yet at long last, it truly is tied in with accomplishing that objective of being the best you can be, a definitive human potential.

British Columbia Geography and Facts

English Columbia Geography and Facts English Columbia is the region found the most distant west in Canada and is limited by the Alaska Panhandle, the Yukon and Northwest Territories, Alberta and the U.S. conditions of Montana, Idaho and Washington. It is a piece of the Pacific Northwest and is Canadas third most populated region behind Ontario and Quebec.British Columbia has a long history that despite everything appears all through a great part of the territory today. It is accepted that its local people groups moved into the region almost 10,000 years prior subsequent to intersection the Bering Land Bridge from Asia. All things considered, British Columbias coast got one of the most thickly populated zones in North America before European arrival.Today, British Columbia highlights urban territories like Vancouver just as country zones with mountain, sea and valley scenes. These fluctuated scenes have prompted British Columbia turning into a well known traveler goal in Canada and exercises, for example, climbing, skiin g and golf are normal. What's more, most as of late, British Columbia played host to the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. English Columbias Population and Ethnicities English Columbias First Nations individuals may have numbered around 300,000 preceding European contact. Their populace remained to a great extent undisturbed until 1778 when the British voyager James Cook arrived on Vancouver Island. The local populace at that point started to decrease in the late 1700s as more Europeans showed up. In the late 1800s, British Columbias populace became further when gold was found in the Fraser River and on the Caribou coast, prompting the foundation of a few mining towns. Today, British Columbia is one of the most ethnically differing locales in Canada. More than 40 native gatherings are as yet spoken to and distinctive Asian, German, Italian and Russian people group flourish in the region too. English Columbias current populace is around 4.1 million, with the biggest fixations being in Vancouver and Victoria. Realities About Region and Topography The region of British Columbia is regularly separated into six distinct districts starting with Northern British Columbia, trailed by the Caribou Chilcotin Coast, Vancouver Island, the Vancouver Coast and Mountains, the Thompson Okanagan and the Kootenay Rockies. English Columbia has a changed geography all through its various districts and mountains, valleys and beautiful conduits are normal. To shield its regular scenes from advancement and over the travel industry, British Columbia has a differing arrangement of parks and 12.5% of its property is secured. English Columbias most elevated point is Fairweather Mountain at 15,299 feet (4,663 m) and the region has a region of 364,764 square miles (944,735 sq km). English Columbias Climate Like its geology, British Columbia has a shifted atmosphere that is profoundly impacted by its mountains and the Pacific Ocean. In general, the coast is calm and wet. The inside valley areas, for example, Kamloops are commonly blistering in the mid year and cold in the winter. English Columbias mountains likewise have cold winters and gentle summers. Economy Verifiably, British Columbias economy has concentrated on regular asset extraction, for example, angling and timber. As of late in any case, businesses, for example, ecotourism, innovation and film have developed in the region. Primary Cities The biggest urban areas are Vancouver and Victoria. Other huge urban communities in British Columbia incorporate Kelowna, Kamloops, Nanaimo, Prince George, and Vernon. Whistler, however not enormous is one of British Columbias most mainstream urban areas for outside exercises especially winter sports. Assets and Further Reading The travel industry British Columbia. (n.d.). About BC - British Columbia - Tourism BC, Official Site. Recovered from: hellobc.com/en-CA/AboutBC/BritishColumbia.htm

Essay Writing Course - How to Find the Cheapest Option Possible

Essay Writing Course - How to Find the Cheapest Option PossibleIf you are looking for a way to pay for an essay writing course, you will find that some universities and colleges are now offering this course online. This is great because it is a great opportunity for those who need the help of a tutoring service. However, there are some things that you should know before you sign up.The first thing that you should be aware of is the fact that many colleges have eliminated the credit hour requirement in order to take the course. Therefore, if you are not a full time student you will not have to worry about paying for this course. This is a great opportunity for those who do not have the money to pay for the full-time hours to learn how to write a great essay. However, if you are a full time student you should still do some research on the school that you are interested in taking the course from.You should also make sure that you are signing up for an online college course in order to a void paying for any kind of transportation. This is because most universities require students to purchase the course materials in order to take it. Therefore, you will need to purchase a hard copy of the course materials that you need before you can use them.If you do not have the money to purchase the course, you will not be able to take the course. Therefore, it is always best to know exactly what the course costs in order to know what you can get out of it. The next thing that you should look at is the fact that some of the course materials that you need are expensive, this is because the online universities will charge you for this material as well.Although there are some courses that will have no price tags on them, you should still check on the materials that they will be using in order to make sure that they are indeed useful. Most courses will provide you with assignments in order to help you get started. In addition, you will also be able to get a book of writing tips so t hat you can have a good start on your writing career.One of the things that you should also look at before you sign up for a course is the fact that the course is also offered through many online colleges. Therefore, you will not have to pay for transportation to and from your campus. In addition, you will not have to pay for tuition or housing either, as most of the online colleges will be able to help you with these costs.However, if you are a student and do not have the money to pay for the essay writing course you should always take advantage of the assistance that the university and online college will be providing. There are many universities and colleges that will offer you this kind of class in order to help you improve your writing skills. You should take advantage of this opportunity because you will be able to write your final essay on your own in order to get the grade that you want.So, when you are searching for a course to pay for there are many options available. Howe ver, you should make sure that you know exactly what the cost is going to be for the course before you sign up for it. Remember that you should always try to find the cheapest option possible for whatever course you are looking for, you do not want to end up paying for something that you do not want.

Best Law Schools in California

Ancient Civilizations History, Religion, And Convictions

Ancient civilizations are studied today to help us see more about our universes past and what has brought us to where we are today. Our discoveries have addressed inquiries, as well as purchased us to ask more inquiries. Maybe a standout amongst the most examined but then slightest comprehended human advancement is the Ancient Egyptian Civilization. Numerous studies have been done one that is presently left of their remains. Ancient towns have abandoned us with hieroglyphics, which are things that help us comprehend the way they lived, and even tombs. One of the keys to comprehension the old development is the Rosetta stone, which was found and helps us even today translate the old written work of hieroglyphics. The greater part of Egypt s history, religion, and convictions are just a percentage of the compositions that are cleared out. A percentage of the works incorporate confirmation that intriguing arrangements existed then that don t exist today. These compositions have told the stories of the considerable number of lords and their standard. Divine beings were extremely noticeable in this time and assumed an expansive part in the way individuals experienced their lives. If not for these compositions, this human progress may have never been completely found. Not everybody could read and compose hieroglyphics, there was an extraordinary school for kids who were outstanding. The school would begin for the tyke at around five to ten years old. They would figure out howShow MoreRelatedReligion and Civilization Essay1245 Words    |  5 PagesHow do we define religion? According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the definition of religion is as follows: â€Å"the belief in a god or in a group of gods, an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods, or an interest, a belief, or an activity that is very important to a person or group† (Merriam-Webster.) My personal definition of religion is that it is a set of beliefs and practices that generally pertain the worship of one or more than one spiritualRead MoreThe Great Flood ( China )979 Words   |  4 Pagesthe surge kept on seething on prompting the increment of all kind of social issue. Yao offered to leave yet the letter of abdication was not acknowledged. In the antiquated human advancements of Mesopotamia and Egypt, religion was vital to life and life ws connected from religion. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt were represented by theocracies where lords were accepted to manage by awesome right. Dissimilar to the rich corpus of antiquated Egyptian funerary writings, no such manuals from MesopotamiaRead MoreA Study of the Egyptian Culture996 Words   |  4 Pagesculture and go further to highlight on the said culture in terms of Social stratification, political life, gender roles and statues, marriage family and Kinship and Religion. Introduction The Egyptian culture has a recorded history that dates back thousands of years. It is also clear that ancient Egypt was rated amongst the first civilizations. In terms of Millennia, Egypt did maintain a remarkably complex as well as established culture that influenced afterward cultures of other nations such as EuropeRead MoreSatire in the Tragedies of Euripides1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe world of Euripides tragedies was one that espoused ancient ideas of religion. The belief in ancient legends that formed subject material for the tragic drama had passed. The crowd that attended the theater at this time did so as a sort of religious celebration. It was under these circumstances that Euripides had to bury what might have been his true beliefs, and instead replace them with ideas that would relate to his audience. This did not mean that Euripides had to forgo his beliefs entirelyRead MoreHinduism And The Islamic Religion1329 Words   |  6 Pagesstone, then plants and trees. As time passed and civilization evolved, it altered and man started to worship animals, especially those that had a dominant physical trait. People’s adoration then changed to the elements, then to man in the form of priests, kings or prophets and finally it has, settled on Heavenly Beings which are worshipped by different religions. Two of the more prominent religions in society are Hinduism and the Islamic religion. The Origins of Worship | Urantia Book | Urantia FoundationRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Judaism and Islam1508 Words   |  7 PagesJudaism and Islam Because of the history of political and religious warfare that has separated them, the underlying unity of Judaism, and Islam is seldom recognized except by scholars. Yet these two great world religions have the same origins, the same central belief in monotheism, and to a large extent the same genealogical and scriptural authorities. It is in a greater sense a tale of two sons or two brothes. It is not surprising that these religions should share a common belief of creationRead MoreThe Greek Way Chapter Summaries4049 Words   |  17 Pagesof the ancient world. Only then can the uniqueness of Athenian thought be appreciated. You must recognize the dichotomy between East and West in the thought and lifestyle of the ancient world. In a society that offers no hope of happiness or release from struggle and suffering, people quite naturally begin to place their hopes elsewhere. They respond to their condition by hoping for something that lies outside the conditions and constraints they cannot control or influence. Religion becomesRead MoreEssay Causes and Effects of the Protestant Reformation1159 Words   |  5 Pages What happens when people start to break away from the entity that bound an entire civilization together for over a thousand years? How does one go from unparalleled devotion to God to the exploration of what man could do? From absolute acceptance to intense scrutiny? Sheeple to independent thinkers? Like all revolutions preceding it, the Protestant Reformation did not happen overnight. Catholics had begun to lose faith in the once infallible Church ever since the Great Schism, when there wereRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesWhat happens when people start to break away from the entity that bound an entire civilization together for over a thousand years? How does one go from unparalleled devotion to God to the exploration of what man could do? From absolute acceptance to intense scrutiny? Sheeple to independent thinkers? Like all revolutions preceding it, the Protestant Reformation did not happen overnight. Catholics had begun to lose faith in the once infallible Church ever since the Great Schism, when there wereRead MoreHnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 18 Study Guide1404 Words   |  6 PagesHnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 18 Study Guide 1. The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were who? John Locke and Isaac Newton 2. After 1688, Great Britain permitted religious toleration to which groups? Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment. What nation is this? Great Britain 4. An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials

Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice Essay - 1756 Words

Jane Austen’s novels have inspired many into creating sequels, prequels, retellings, and spin-offs, and then in turn producing TV shows, films, etc. She is an â€Å"innovator who has trimmed away the flab of form†¦ to cause verbiage in others† (Lynch, â€Å"Sequels† 160). Austen is best known for her merit in writing social commentary to bridge the gap between romance and realism. This essay will use Lost in Austen, an adaptation of Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, in order to address both radical and conservative natures the TV mini-series generates as opposed to the novel. The modern escapism and fantasy Lost in Austen presents is utilized to elaborate, reiterate, and challenge the social issues that Pride and Prejudice establish. This involves the association of these arguments – class is prideful, sexuality is traditional, and race is prejudicial. It is also calls readers of Pride and Prejudice to discern the changes of the plot the TV mini-se ries produces for the purpose of asking ourselves why it matters. Deidre Lynch’s â€Å"Cult of Austen† and â€Å"Sequels,† as well as Rita Felski’s â€Å"Enchantment† will be drawn from in order to build on the concepts of enchantment, nostalgia, and post-modernism that Lost in Austen epitomizes. Enchantment is characterized by â€Å"a state of intense involvement, a sense of being so entirely caught up in an aesthetic object that nothing else seems to matter† (Felski 54). This is experienced by Amanda Price, the protagonist of Lost in Austen, who portrays anShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily required with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however through Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial stability. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen states that the desire for better social connections interferes with the workings of love through the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth to criticize the social class structure of the 19th century. Anxieties about social connections or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Jane Austen views love as something independentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice992 Words   |  4 Pages It is unfortunate that many people tend to dismiss Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, as simply a romantic love story, even labeling it a â€Å"chick flick.† Upon a shallow reading, it may appear to be such, but a closer look at the novel reveals so much more embedded in the story. In addition to describing the entertaining relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, the novel serves to forward Austen s personal values and ideas. Furthermore, there is one issue of her era that she particularlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1138 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel about the superficiality of marriage during the late 19th and early 20th century, which largely influenced the decisions made by individuals, based on connections and social rankings. The novel takes its characters through various changes influenced by their decision to or rather not to marry certain individuals. It begins not by a man desiring to marry for love, but by a mother who desires nothing more than to marry her daughters well. As the novel develops, Jane AustenRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this finan cialRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Through the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of society. Society’s main goal for woman in the Victorian era was marriage. As seen many in Pride and Prejudice, marriage wasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, she has specific criteria that her characters follow when choosing their mates. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their ideal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? For Austen, the important criteria that she has for choosing a mate are that couples are personally compatible, they are in love with each other, and they must have a good moral character. Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1468 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished over time. In Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the main character who is a lady in the Regency Era. Elizabeth lives in Longbourn with her parents, Mr and Mrs Bennet and her four sisters. In the beginning of the novel, Elizabeth s prejudice mindset and strong opinion blinds her from realizations happening arou nd her. Soon, Elizabeth s prejudice disappears allowing her to open up and fall in love. Throughout Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth growsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love

Price Theory

Questions: 1.Suppose that the price of milk is Px = $1 per litre, the price of coffee is Py = $4 per cup, and Sally's income is I = $40. Without deriving the optimal Consumption Basket, show that the basket with x = 16 litres of milk, and y = 6 cups of coffee, is NOT optimal.2.Derive the Expression for Sally's marginal rate of Substitution.3.Derive Sally's Demand for co_ee as a function of the Variables Px , Py and 4.Derive Sally's Demand for milk as a function of the variables Px , Py and I. (i.e. Do NOT use the Numerical Values for Px , Py and I, from question 1.) For the purposeof this question you should assume an Interior Optimum.5.Describe the relationship between Sally's Demand for milk and, (a) Sally's Income; (b) The Price of Milk; (c) The Price of Coffee.6. Suppose that Px = $1 and I = $40. Find the Equivalent Variation for an increase in the Price of Coffee from Py1 = $4 to Py2 = $5. Answers: 1.Utility function is a method of assigning a number to every possible consumer bundle such that the more preferred bundles get assigned larger numbers and vice versa. Sallys utility function is given by the equation U(x,y) = xy+2x. Marginal utility is the rate of change of utility brought about by a small change in the amount of the good being consumed by the individual (Varian, 2010). Here the marginal utility of the good x (milk) is given by the equation MUx = y+2. The marginal utility of the good y (coffee) is given by MUy = x. To have an optimal solution it must be such that the slope of the indifference curve must be tangent to the price line. Only in that case would there be no other position where a consumer might have been better off. That would imply that the value of the slope of the utility curve and the absolute value of the slope of the price line must be the same. The slope of the utility curve can be found out by -(MUx / MUy)= -(y+2)/x Putting the values of x and y given in the question, we get -(MUx / MUy)= -0.5 The slope of the price line is (Px/Py). By the information given in the problem, -(Px/Py)= -0.25 Thus as the two values do not match, we can say that the consumption bundle with x=16 and y=6 is not the optimum bundle. 2.Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is the maximum amount of good that one consumer is willing to forego so that he or she can obtain an additional unit of another good. MRS is given by (MUx / MUy). Thus Sallys marginal rate of substitution is given by (MUx / MUy)= (y+2)/x. Again at optimum this must be equal to the absolute slope of the price line which is given by (Px/Py)= 0.25. Thus Sallys MRS = (MUx / MUy) = (y+2)/x = (Px/Py) = 0.25. 3.The budget line of Sally can be written as Pxx+Pyy= I (1) where I is the total income of the consumer. Again as per the optimality conditions since it is an interior solution, the consumption bundle will only be optimal when MRS =(MUx / MUy) = (y+2)/x = (Px/Py) (2) It can then be written that ((y+2)/x) = (Px/Py) Or, Pxx = Py(y+2) Or, Pxx = Pyy+2Py. (3) Or, Pyy = Pxx-2Py. (4) Putting (3) in (1), we get Pyy+2Py+ Pyy = I Or, 2Pyy+ 2Py = I Or, 2Pyy = I - 2Py Or, y = (I - 2Py)/2Py Or, y = (I /2Py)-1 This is the demand curve of coffee (y). 4.We similarly try to find the demand curve for milk (x). Putting (4) in (1), we get that Pxx + (Pxx-2Py) = I Or, 2Pxx -2Py = I Or, 2Pxx = I+2Py Or, x = (I+2Py)/ 2Px .. (5) This is the demand curve for milk. 5.From the equation (5) we might be able to draw some conclusions about the relationship between the demand for milk (x) by Sally and the income, price of milk and price of coffee. a.From equation (5), we can see that with the increase of income (I), all other variables remaining constant, and the demand for x also rises. There is a direct relationship between the two. Thus for Sally, milk is a normal good. b.Again from equation (5), we see that with the increase in Px (the price of the milk), the amount of milk demanded falls. Thus there is an inverse relationship between demand for milk and price of milk. c.In equation (5), with the increase of Py (price of coffee), quantity demanded of milk increases. Thus there is a direct relationship between the price of the other good and the demand of the good. This would suggest that to Sally, milk and coffee are substitutes. 6.When the price of a commodity changes there are two changes that actually happen in obtaining a new optimal. They are that the purchasing power of income is altered and the rate at which we substitute one good for anther changes. Change in demand due to the change in the rate of exchange is known as substitution effect while change in demand due to having more purchasing power is called income effect (Pindyck et al., 2013). Equivalent variation is the change in welfare that is associated with the change in prices. To find the answer, first we need to find the optimum x and y at the original prices. In fig 1, let the initial budget line be given by RQ and the indifference curve be given by U*. The point of tangency is given by E*(x*,y*). Using equation (5) and putting the value of I=40, Px=1 and Py=4, we get, x = (40 + 2(4))/2(1) Or, x = 48/2 Or, x* = 24 . Putting this value of x* in equation (1) along with I=40, Px=1 and Py=4, we get, (1)(24)+(4)y = 40 Or, y = (40-24)/4 Or, y = 16/4 Or, y* = 4 Thus the initial optimum bundle (x*,y*) is given by (24,4). The utility of this consumption bundle is given by U*. U* = (24)(4)+ 2(24) Or, U* = 144 Now the price of y has increased to 5 and all the other values remain the same. The budget line changes to MR and the utility curve is U**. To find the final consumption basket E** which gives (x**, y**), we replace the values in equation (5), Then, x** = (40+2(5))/2 or, x** = 25 Putting these values in equation (1), we get, (1)(25)+(5)y** = 40 Or, 5y** = 40-25 Or, y** = 15/5 Or, y** = 3 Thus the final consumption basket is (25,3). The utility of the consumer U** is given by U** = (25)(3)+2(25) Or, U** = 125 Now to find the tangency condition at the decomposition consumption basket A (xa, ya), we have to use the tangency condition. So, we try and find an optimum with the original set of prices and the budget line at TS and the new utility curve U**. (MUx / MUy) = (y+2)/x = (Px/Py) = 1/4 Then, xa = 4ya+8(6) Also, since it is on the same indifference curve i.e. utility level as the final solution, (xa)( ya) + 2(xa) = 125 (7) Using (6) and (7), we might can solve for (xa, ya) using these two as simultaneous equations. Or, xa2=125.4 Or, xa = 22.36 We get ya=3.59 The cost of this basket is (22.36)(1) + (3.59)(4) = 36.72 Thus the equivalent variation is 36.72 40 = -3.28. References: Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2013). Microeconomics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Varian, H. (2010). Intermediate microeconomics. New York: W.W. Norton Co.